Background of the universal near-zone defense in Southeast Asia
The use of such funds for the theater in South-East Asia is relevant not only in the task of building near zones layered air defense system, but also has its own value, due to a combination of tactical possibilities and the technical characteristics of the region's geographical features and the military-political balance of forces.
In the relatively low intensity conflict, without the massive use of the most advanced aircraft to the fore often goes no gross figures saturation technique, and its quality and versatility.
Unifying mount firing modules, allowing the use of different types of chassis (tracked and wheeled), and the types of home (land mobile, shelterny land, ship), reduces operating costs by saving on supplies and services. The military, putting the construction of air defense systems of the country at the heart of the criterion of "cost-effectiveness" are unlikely to pass this opportunity to saturate the different sections of homogeneous agents.
The complexity of the relief in the theater of Southeast Asia, which includes the inevitable combination of air, sea and land (primarily airborne) operations, a really provokes the formation of heterogeneous groups of Defense (land and marine), based on a single line agents.
All the major players in the region have a long and, in general, it is not protected (including - not rich communications) coastline, more complicated, in particular, the deltas of large rivers, extensive wetlands, as well as output high-relief, multiple placers of small islands .
Such a feature is not theater, coupled with the highest saturation of the armies of the region by means of modern combat will inevitably lead to the dissipation of maneuvering strike groups (especially diverse during combined operations) and a local isolate the resulting fragmented plots of land combat formations of troops, ships and air elements of the groups.
In this case, the party managed to form the "shverpunktah" for his powerful defense of an effective air defense group, is able to get a key advantage in battle, even if the opponent has a total area of numerical superiority. This is especially true surprise of tactical improvisation, for example - use the same mobile or shelternyh ZRPK in the battle order antiamphibious defense. Or use them as outposts air patrol through integration in the general field targeting layered air defense system.
If a country has a thoughtful set of ZRPK the whole range of possible platforms (ships, land-mobile and stationary zone protection for military bases and key infrastructure), on the one hand, it will greatly simplify the interaction of air defense systems in heterogeneous groups of forces. On the other - significantly reduce the cost of purchasing and servicing of air-defense systems engineering, and greatly facilitate the training of qualified personnel for them.
The composition and characteristics of regional aircraft groups, which potentially will confront echelon air defense system, including near-ZRPK, also favors the widespread use of these agents.
Feature of the air groups of the region are the inclusions in these samples is enough modern aircraft with good combat capabilities. They certainly will have to "mess", but here on the side, building a layered defense system plays an important circumstance. The small number of truly modern tactical aircraft will cause the enemy to use it carefully, for "surgical" strikes on the most important points.
On the one hand, it will inevitably lead to the dispersion of forces and reduce the effectiveness of air strikes, on the other hand - to attack the most obvious (and therefore pre-covert) directions. If the defender has the potential of mobile air defense systems, to form an effective opposition group on the basis of modern air defense systems is not difficult.
Combined combat capabilities that provide anti-aircraft missile and gun systems, allow us to successfully apply them not only in the immediate objectives cover against air attack. In its artillery part of these funds being placed on shipboard platforms are applicable, such as patrol operations in the fight against pirate attacks, the patient remaining challenge Malacca Strait and the surrounding area.
Among the modern anti-aircraft missile and gun complexes near zone, proposed by Russia on the world arms market, we can put systems, "Armour-C1" and "Palm."
Complex "Armour-C1 '
Anti-aircraft missile and gun system (ZRPK) "The shell-C1 'is primarily intended for installation in military formations antiaircraft missile system (ADMS), medium-and long-range. The purpose is to direct the formation of hardware deployment points from the last line of anti-air defense missile systems, as well as ground defense.
In addition, ZRPK "Armour-C1 'is applicable as a means of defense for small objects in a wide range of climatic conditions and radar.
Missile combat part of the complex consists of two packages with a total of 8 or 12 launchers for 57E6-E missiles, capable of operating at air targets at altitudes of 15 to 15,000 meters at ranges from 1,200 to 20,000 meters.
Cannon ORDNANCE complex formed from a pair of anti-aircraft machine 2A38M 30 mm in total (two barrel) rate of fire of 5000 rounds per minute. The fire control system has a very low response time, which makes machines for efficient firing of air targets in the framework of the tight time at the last line of defense.
The guns can easily be used as air targets (including low-flying), and ground, including troops and lightly armored targets. Elevation range of purposes from 0 to 3000 meters, the range of distance assured destruction - from 200 to 4000 meters. At the same time shooting guns and missiles can be carried out in the motion, which is not achieved at the present time on any missile system of equal class.
Channel mode of the complex allows to simultaneously attack four targets, including a volley of two missiles at a target. When the station is able to simultaneously detect up to 20 targets.
At present, complex "Armour-C1 'is in service with several countries. In the version for their own armed forces set in 2010 and was shipped to the Russian forces, both as a means of self-defense army and object, and the dowry means of enhancing long-range air defense regiments of S-400.
Among the problems successfully solved complex "Armour-C1 ', the following:
- Strengthening of diverse groups of air defense by giving them the ability to work in small and extremely low altitudes in the difficult conditions of terrain;
- Provision of military resistance groups through direct anti-aircraft cover areas of deployment, SAM launchers, command posts, detection and targeting systems, radio systems and other means;
- Nearest protection against attacks on a relatively small or point (radius of 2-3 km), military facilities, military and industrial infrastructure, key energy facilities, oil refining and neftehraneniya, pipelines, depots and storage sites communications, port facilities and etc.;
- Support for objects and battle formations of ground forces at the tactical level, "battalion-brigade";
- In case of realization of a ship on a platform of "carapace-C1 'is able to solve the full spectrum of defense near-ship carrier and / or cover their bodies;
- As an exception is possible to use the cannon of the complex in the coastal zone for an impromptu antilanding and protivokaternoy defense limited waters, combined with the main work of cover-up of designated facilities from air attack.
Among the features of combat use ZRPK "Armour-C1 'can be a major key to allocate capacity for effective response to virtually all types of common airborne targets.
In the hierarchy of objectives for which the complex was prepared, it should be noted, first of all, the most dangerous weapons of war for heavy SAM anti-radar missiles and cruise missiles such as Tomahawk. Next in sight "armor" fall of tactical aircraft, model rocket class "air-land" (eg, family AGM-65 Maverick and AGM-114 Hellfire), guided aerial bombs, and helicopters (including hovering at low altitude ) and the UAV.
When you work for aerodynamic purposes (including subtle, with a minimum of EPR to 0.1-0.2 square meters., Such as CD and Tomahawk) with speeds of flight up to 500 m / s range missiles to reach a range up to 20 km and height up to 10 km.
The use of highly mobile in the complex high-speed (up to 1300 m / s) 57E6-E missiles can hit targets with confidence, maneuvering with accelerations 8-10g. In addition, such high-speed modes allow you to use its missiles to shoot vdogon that significantly enhances responses to complex changes in air conditions.
Complex "Armour-C1 'is able to work effectively on the main high-precision air attack speeds of flight up to 1 km / s (including supersonic cruise missiles). In this case the probability of hitting a target a SAM is not below 70%.
Typical HARM anti-radar missiles such as confidently taken on the auto tracking from a distance 13-15 km (affected from a distance 8 km), and cruise missiles of the ALCM - from a distance of 11-14 miles (12 km from the affected). Taking on a typical wind autofollow goal (tactical fighter F-16) is at a distance of 17 to 26 km.
Noise immunity is complex and the use of multi-spectral radar and optical control system allows you to work steadily in a high (4-10 times) the noise level.
By combining in a single combat unit of detection, targeting and destruction of possible autonomous military complex. One combat vehicle provides full cycle of work, which includes search, detection, identification and selection of targets, target designation, dopoisk, capture, tracking and fire purposes.
In addition to this it should be noted the possibility of fully automatic mode of fighting as separate units, and units consisting of several military vehicles. In this case of the standard battery (6 cars ZRPK), they unite in a common network targeting, and one of them is assigned the lead (Acting battery control station). In this case the leading car does not lose functional autonomous combat units.
Serious variance with the formation of combat weapons batteries makes modular design of the complex. This allows you to combine different types of machines within the unit. For example, you can create separate machines with a pure missile weapons or having only optical-electronic guidance system.
Complex "Palma"
As the battle of the fleets (and in the first place - managed anti-ship missiles), naval artillery is becoming an important role in the fight against air targets as an effective means of defense the last frontier.
The sad experience of a number of conflicts that took place after World War II, clearly indicates that the neglect of these means of air defense can lead to heavy losses even with a relatively limited fire attack is not the most advanced anti-ship missiles of the enemy.
Under present conditions there is a tendency to move away from conventional artillery skorostrelok with radar homing to the combination (rocket artillery) anti-aircraft complexes of high-channel mode, able to conduct simultaneous firing of multiple air targets.
Among the modern means of defense should be considered the last frontier and Russian anti-aircraft artillery system (ZAK), "palm" the rocket "Pine-R" supplied abroad in the armed frigates of the "Gepard 3.9."
Artillery unit "Palms" is very compact and consists of two six-barreled 30-mm automatic AO-18KD (GSh-6-30KD) high ballistic performance with a total firepower of up to 10 thousand rounds per minute. Firing range of the complex from 200 to 4000 meters, the affected area to a height of 3000 meters.
As the ammunition used shells with a high initial rate of two types: high-explosive (initial rate of up to 940 m / s) and armor-piercing heavy cores "tungsten-nickel-iron" (the initial velocity of 1100 m / s) may also be used tracer ammunition.
Automatic control arms - a multi-channel electro-optical precision, day and night, and almost all-weather use. It features high noise immunity due to application to detect and track targets spaced narrow channels. Perhaps an external indication of the ship's radar.
These tools allow the military, "Palma" up to the exhaustion of ammunition (1500 shells) quite successfully to resist in the automatic mode on the fly GoK 4-6 consistently (but at intervals of not more than 3-4 s) matching with one angle. Special time given to reduce the response time of the complex and time transfer of fire from the target to target.
Further improvement of military capabilities "Palms" is possible in the first place by installing their own radar (radar phased-array) and a combination of artillery firing unit with missiles hit air targets in a single fire control system.
As these funds are available 9M337 missiles "Pine-R" (two blocks of four transport-launch container) with a combined guidance system (radio command at the initial segment of the trajectory and laser - for the final).
SAM on the affected area range from 1,300 to 10,000 meters in height from 2 to 5000 meters. Typical aerodynamic purposes (such as tactical fighter F-16 attack aircraft Figting Falcon and A-10 Thunderbolt) are affected from a distance of 8-9 km at altitudes of up to 4, and 5 km respectively. Maximum speed missile of 1200 m / sec. The maximum speed of fire the target of 700 m / s, which allows you to work confidently, including on anti-radar missiles such as HARM, constituted a problem for the previous generation systems.
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